Operators in Dart
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values. Dart supports the following types of operators −
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Type Test Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Logical Operators
- Conditional Operator
Arithmetic Operators
Following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported by Dart language. Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Adds two operands. | A + B will give 30 |
| - | Subtracts second operand from the first. | A - B will give -10 |
| * | Multiplies both operands. | A * B will give 200 |
Relational Operators
Following table shows all the relational operators supported by Dart language. Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A == B) is not true. |
| != | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. | (A != B) is true. |
| > | Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A > B) is not true. |
| < | Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (A < B) is true. |
Type Test Operators
Following table shows all the type test operators supported by Dart language. Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| is | Checks if an object is of a given type. | (A is int) is true. |
| is! | Checks if an object is not of a given type. | (A is! int) is false. |
Bitwise Operators
Following table shows all the bitwise operators supported by Dart language. Assume variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13 then −
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| & | Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. | (A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100 |
| | | Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. | (A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101 |
| ^ | Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. | (A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001 |
| ~ | Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. | (~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number. |
| << | Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000 |
| >> | Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A >> 2 will give 15 which is 1111 |
Assignment Operators
Following table shows all the assignment operators supported by Dart language. Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. | C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C |
| += | Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | C += A is equivalent to C = C + A |
| -= | Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A |
| *= | Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A |
| /= | Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand. | C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A |
| %= | Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand. | C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A |
| <<= | Left shift AND assignment operator. | C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2 |
| >>= | Right shift AND assignment operator. | C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2 |
| &= | Bitwise AND assignment operator. | C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2 |
| ^= | bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. | C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2 |
| |= | bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator. | C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2 |
Logical Operators
Following table shows all the logical operators supported by Dart language. Assume variable A holds true and variable B holds false then −
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| && | Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero then condition becomes true. | (A && B) is false. |
| || | Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non-zero then condition becomes true. | (A || B) is true. |
| ! | Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false. | !(A && B) is true. |
Conditional Operator
Following is the syntax for the conditional operator −
Exp1 ? Exp2 : Exp3;If Exp1 is true, then the expression evaluates Exp2; otherwise, it evaluates Exp3.
Following example explains the usage of all the conditional operators available in Dart −
void main() {
int a = 2;
int b = 3;
int smallNumber = a < b ? a : b;
print("Small Number = $smallNumber");
}This will produce the following result −
Small Number = 2Operator Precedence
Operator precedence specifies the order in which operators are evaluated. Operators with higher precedence are evaluated before operators with relatively lower precedence.
For example, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator.
For example x = 7 + 3 * 2; here x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has higher precedence than +, so it first gets multiplied with 3*2 and then adds into 7.
Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators will be evaluated first.
| Category | Operator | Associativity |
|---|---|---|
| Postfix | () [] . (dot operator) | Left to right |
| Unary | ++ - - ! ~ | Right to left |
| Multiplicative | * / % | Left to right |
| Additive | + - | Left to right |
| Shift | << >> | Left to right |
| Bitwise AND | & | Left to right |
| Bitwise XOR | ^ | Left to right |
| Bitwise OR | | | Left to right |
| Relational | < <= > >= as is is! | Left to right |
| Equality | == != | Left to right |
| Logical AND | && | Left to right |
| Logical OR | || | Left to right |
| Conditional | ?: | Right to left |
| Assignment | = *= /= ~/= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |= | Right to left |
| Cascade | .. | Left to right |
| Conditional | ? | Right to left |
| If null | ?? | Right to left |
Conclusion
In this tutorial, we have learnt about the basic concepts of Dart programming language. We have also learnt about the basic syntax of Dart programming language. We have also learnt about the basic data types of Dart programming language. We have also learnt about the basic operators of Dart programming language.